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10 Greet Apelles,[a] who has proved worthy in the service of Christ, and those who belong to the family of Aristobulus.[b]

11 Greetings to my kinsman Herodion. Greet those in the Lord who belong to the household of Narcissus.[c] 12 Greet Tryphaena and Tryphosa[d] who labor diligently in the Lord’s service. Greet my dear friend Persis, who also works hard for the Lord.

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Footnotes

  1. Romans 16:10 Ampliatus . . . Urbanus . . . Stachys . . . Apelles: these are all common names of slaves found in the imperial household.
  2. Romans 16:10 Aristobulus: some think this name refers to the grandson of Herod the Great and the brother of Herod Agrippa I.
  3. Romans 16:11 Narcissus: sometimes identified with Tiberius Claudius Narcissus, a wealthy freedman of the Roman Emperor Tiberius.
  4. Romans 16:12 Tryphaena and Tryphosa: may refer to twin sisters who were wont to bear names based on the same root. Persis: i.e., a Persian woman.